Acid Number(AN)  Milligrams of KOH required in tests to neutralize all the acidic constituents present in a l g sample of a petroleum product. Also formally called the Neutralization Number, this property is often used to indicate the extent of contamination or oxidation of used oils.

酸值(AN)  也称中和值，指中和1克油品试样中所有酸性物质所需氢氧化钾的毫克数。该性能指标通常用于表小已用过的油被污染和被氧化的程度。

Additive  Any material that is incorporated into a product at relatively low concentration to impart new properties or enhance existing properties.

添加剂  以相对较低的浓度加入某一产品中，从而赋予该产品某种新的性能，或者增强其现有性能的任何材料．均称为添加剂。

Aniline point  the minimum temperature for complete miscibility of equal volumes of aniline and the sample under test．Products containing aromatics or naphthenes have lower aniline points than products containing paraffins.

苯胺点  指相同体积的苯胺与试样达到完全混溶所需的最低温度。含有芳烃和环烷烃的产品比含有石蜡的产品的苯胺点相对要低。

Antiwear(AW)Agent  Additive that is active in preventing damage caused by occurrence of solid phase welding between sliding surfaces without local surface melting.

抗磨(AW)添加剂  相互滑动的表面因发生相互摩擦会造成损坏。抗磨添加剂就是能有效防止这类磨损，同时又不会令发生滑动的表面熔化的添加剂。

API Service Classification    -A system of letter designations agreed On by API,SAE and  ASTM to define broad classes of engine service. Also a system of service classifications for automotive gear lubricants．

API适用级别分类  由API、SAE和ASTM共同商定并使用的一套英文字母代号，用以确定发动机油的主要适用级别，以及汽车变速箱润滑油的适用级别。

Aromatic   A hydrocarbon derived from，or characterized by the presence of the benzene ring。

芳烃  由苯环衍生出的、或因含有苯环而具有其特性的烃化物。

Bactericide  Chemical compound which has the property of killing bacteria.

杀菌剂  具有杀死细菌作用的化合物。

Base Number (BN)  Quantity of hydrochloric(ASTM D974)or perchloric(ASTM D 2896)acid expressed in milligrams of KOH equivalent that is required to neutralize all the basic constituents of a l g sample of a petroleum product. This property is used to indicate the capacity of an oil to counter the corrosive effects of acidic products of combustion.

碱值(BN)  中和存在于l克油品试样中全部碱组分所需要的盐酸(ASTM D974)或高氯酸(ASTM D2896)的数量．以相当的氢氧化钾毫克数表示。该性能用于表示油品抵抗酸性燃烧产物腐蚀作用的能力。

Bright Stock  Refined．High viscosity lubricating oil usually made from residual stocks by suitable treatment，such as a combination of acid treatment or solvent extraction with dewaxing or clay finishing．

光亮油  通常由渣油经加工处理而制成的精炼、高粘度润滑油。加工处理的方式包括：酸处理(或溶剂萃取)与脱蜡(或粘土精制)相结合。

Carbon Residue  Standardized test which measures the amount of carbon left behind after pyrolysis under standard conditions

残炭  用于在标准条件下，测定油品裂解后剩余碳量的标准化测试方法。

Cleveland Open Cup(coc)Tester  Apparatus used to detemine the flash and fire points of most petroleum products with flash points above 79℃．

克利夫兰开口杯(coc)测定器  用于测定闪点高于79℃的大多数油品闪点和燃点的装置。

Cloud point  Temperature at which a noticeable cloud of crystals or other solid material appears when a sample is cooled under prescribed conditions

浊点  在规定条件下，当油样冷却至产生明显雾状时的温度。(产生雾状是由于有晶体形成或其他固态物质生成)

Complex Grease  A lubricating grease thickened by a complex soap consisting of a normal soap and a complexing agent. The use of soap complexes gives products which have higher dropping points than similar lubricants made from normal soaps.

复合润滑脂  指用复合皂(即由普通皂与复合剂组成)进行稠化制成的润滑脂。使用复合皂制成的润滑脂与使用普通皂制成的同类润滑脂相比，具有更高的滴点。

Defoamants (Foam Inhibitor)  Additive used in lubricating oils to assist the collapse of surface layers of foam caused by agitation of the release of entrained or entrapped air．

抗泡添加剂(泡沫抑制剂)  加入到油品中、并令其产生的气泡表层破裂的添加剂。(润滑油内部气泡的形成，或由于搅拌、或由于其本身所夹带或滞留的空气被释放出来。)

Demulsibility  Property of a lubricant to separate from water．

抗乳化性  指润滑油与水分离的能力。

Density  The mass of liquid per unit of volume of substance at l5℃,

密度  在15℃的温度条件下，单位体积的某种物质所具有的液体质量。

Detergency   Property of a lubricating oil to reduce or prevent deposits formed under high temperature conditions or as a result of the action on the oil of acidic contaminants.

清净性  指润滑油在高温条件下或在酸性污染物作用下，阻止或减少生成沉淀的能力。

Dielectric Strength  A measure of the insulating value of an electrical insulating medium. The value depends to some extent on the test method used

绝缘强度  指对一种电绝缘介质绝缘能力的量度。该数值在一定程度上取决于所使用的测量方法。

Dispersancy  Property of an oil to disperse and suspend potential deposit-forming materials so that They can be removed from the system when the oil is drained．

分散性  油品所具有的分散和悬浮可能形成沉淀的物质、并在油品被抽出时该物质带出系统的能力。

Dropping point  -The temperatuer at which the first drop of liquid separates when a grease is heated under prescribed conditions．

滴点  在规定条件下，将润滑脂加热至第一滴液体滴下时的温度。

Emulsion  Intimate mixture of two or more materials which are immiscible or partially miscible with each other. In most emulsions，one material is aqueous and the other is an oil

乳化液  两种或两种以上，互相不能溶混或仅能够部分溶混的物质所形成的完全混合物。

Extreme Pressure(EP)Additive  -Chemical compound imparting extreme pressure characteristics to a lubricant with the objective of reducing wear under conditions where rubbing or sliding accompanies high contact pressures．as in heavily

loaded gears，particulars of the hypoid type.

极压(EP)添加剂  在伴随着高接触压力的摩擦和滑动的情况下(如：在重载齿轮，特别是准双曲面型齿轮中)，能够赋予润滑油抗极压性能，以达到减轻磨损目的的化合物。

Film Strength   Ability of a film of lubricants to resist rupture due to load．Speed and temperature.

油膜强度  润滑油油膜抵抗因负荷、速度和温度而造成破裂的能力。

Floc Point   The lowest temperature at which vapors rising from a sample will ignite momentarily on application of a flame under specified conditions.

闪点  在规定条什下，油品加热后所逸出的蒸气与火焰接触发生瞬间闪火时的最低温度。

Flash Point   The temperature at which a flocculent collection of wax crystals first appears when a solution of freon in oil is cooled under prescribed conditions

絮凝点  在规定条件下，当把氟利昂的油溶液冷却到第一次出现蜡晶体的絮凝物时的温度。

FZG Load Stage  The load which call be transmitted by a pair of gears under the conditions of test and temperature in the FZG gear machine．

FZG负荷试验  在FZG齿轮机器的测试条件和温度下。对齿轮能够传递的负荷。

KOH  Chemical symbol for the alkaline compound potassium hydroxide．

KOH  氢氧化钾碱性化合物的化学符号。

Load Carrying Capacity  A quantitative term to describe the ability of a lubricant to resist film rapture and protect against wear and surface destruction under conditions of high speeds，high loads，high temperatures or combinations of these.

承载能力  描述在高速度、高负荷、高温或这些因素同时作用的情况下，润滑油抵抗油膜破裂、抗磨损以及保护表面免受损坏的能力的定量参数。

Load-Wear Index  An index of the ability of a lubricant to prevent wear under applied loads as determined in the Four-Ball EP Tester.

负荷  -磨损指数是衡量润滑油在四球极压试验中所施加的负荷下所表现出的抗磨能力的一项指数。

MIL  Prefix designation for U.S Military Specifications.

MIL  “美国军方标准”英文词头缩写。

Molybdenum Disulfide  Chemical compound of molybdenum and sulfur which has excellent properties as a solid lubricant due to the type of molecular structure of the particles

二硫化钼  钼和硫形成的化合物，由于其粒子的独特分于结构，因而成为性能卓越的固体润滑剂。

Multigrade  see Multiviscosity

多级别  见“多级粘度”。

Multipurpose Grease  A lubricating grease suitable for a variety of applications such as chassis， wheel bearing，universal，joints and water pumps on automotive equipment．

多用途润滑脂  指适合多种用途的润滑脂，如：车辆设备中的底盘、车轮轴承、万向节和水泵等的润滑。

Multiviscosity  An oil that meets the low temperature viscosity limits of the SAE W number as well as the l00℃ viscosity limits of the non-W numbers

多级粘度  既能达到SAE W前边的数字(如：5、10或15等)的低温粘度极限，同时又能达到SAE W后边的数字(如：30、40或50等)100℃粘度极限的油品。

Naphthenic  having the characteristics of naphthense，which are saturated hydrocarbons containing molecules with at least one closed ring of carbon atoms.

环烷烃  具有环烷特性的、至少包含一个碳原子团链的饱和烃。

NLGI Classification Numbers  A series of numbers used to c1assify the consistency (hardness) of grease，based on a standard ASTM cone penetration test．

NLGI级数  根据ASTM针入度测试，用于划分润滑脂稠度(硬度)的一系列数字。

NLGI Service Classification System  A system of letter designations to define c1ass of automotive chassis and wheel bearing greases.

NLGI用途分类体系  用于定义机动车底盘和车轮轴承润滑脂分类的字母代号体系。

Oxidation Stability  Ability of a lubricant to resist oxidation and deterioration resulting from temperatures and／or exposure to air.

氧化稳定性  润滑油抵抗因高温和／或空气作用而氧化或变质的能力。

Paraffinic  Having the characteristics of paraffins，saturated hydrocarbons of open chain structure.

石蜡族  具有石蜡的特性、具开放式结构的饱和烃。

Penetration  Consistency, expressed as the distance that a standard needle or cone penetrates vertically into a sample of the material under prescribed conditions of loading，time and temperature.

针(锥)入度  在规定的负荷、时间和温度等条件下，以标准化的针或锥垂直进入产品试样的深度来表示的稠度值。

Pour point  Lowest temperature at which a liquid petroleum product will flow when it is cooled under the conditions of the standard test method．

倾点  在标准测定方式所规定的条件下，液体石油产品在被降温的过程中能维持流动的最低温度。

Pour Point Depressant  An additive which lowers the pour point of petroleum products containing wax by reducing the tendency of the wag to collect into a solid mass．

降凝剂  通过抑制石蜡聚集成固体物质的趋向，从而降低含有石蜡的石油产品之倾点的一种添加剂。

Rust and Oxidation(R&O)  Additives used to enhance the rust mad oxidation resistance of oils and greases

锈蚀和氧化(R&O)  用于提高润滑油和润滑脂的防锈和抗氧化能力的添加剂。

SAE Grade  Grade indicating the viscocity range of a crankcase，transmission of rear  axle lubricant，according to the systems designed by SAE.

SAE级别  按照SAE设定的体系，表明用于车辆曲轴箱、变速箱和后轴的润滑油粘度范围的级别。(SAE为“美国汽车工程师协会”的英文词头缩写)。

Shear Stability  ability of a lubricant such as a grease or VI improved oil to withstand mechanical shearing without being degraded in consistency or viscosity.

剪切稳定性  润滑产品(如润滑脂或高粘度指数油品)抵抗机械搅拌而不发生稠度或粘度降低的能力。

Soap  General term for the “salt” of a fatty acid. Ordinary washing soaps are those of sodium and potassium. The soaps of lithium，sodium，calcium，barium and aluminum are the principal thickeners used in grease making.

皂基  对脂肪酸盐的一般性称呼。普通洗涤皂是脂肪酸的钠盐和钾盐。而锂、钠、钙、钡和铝皂，则是生产润滑脂所用的主要稠化剂。

Solvent Neutral Oil(SNO)  Base oil manufactured from solevt refined paraffinic lube distillates．

溶剂中和油(SNO)  利用石蜡油蒸馏得到的溶剂而生产出来的基础油。

Solvent Refined  A refining technique to improve the quality of based oils using selective extraction of undesirable components by means of solvents.

溶剂精制  -利用溶剂作为于段(利用溶剂方式？)，有选择性地萃取不需要的组份，进而提高基础油质量的一种精制工艺。

Spindle Oil  Low viscosity oil intended for the lubrication of high speed spindles such as those used in textile mills.

锭子油  用于高速锭子(如纺织机械上的锭子)润滑的低粘度润滑油。

Straight Mineral  -Oils which do not contain compounds or “additives”

纯矿物油  不含化合物或添加剂的油品。

Satiated Ash  Residue that remains after a sample of oil has been oxidized under prescribed conditions and the resulting residue reduced to constant weight by heating with sulfuric acid．Used as measure of the amount of metallo-organic additives present in new oils. In used oils the determination may be affected by the presence of incombustible contaminants such as lead alkyls, dust and wear metals.

硫酸盐灰分  油品试样在规定条件下经氧化形成残渣，并与硫酸一起加热，直至残渣重量降低到恒定值．此时的残渣被称为硫酸盐灰分。硫酸盐灰分被作为一种测定新油品中金属有机物添加剂数量的方法。在用过的油品中，这种测定方法的精确度会由于有不燃烧污染物(如：铅的烷基化物、灰尘以及金属磨屑)的存在而受到影响。

Thermal Stability  The property of a lubricant which indicates its ability to resist cracking and decomposition on prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures.

热稳定性  表明润滑油在长期高温环境中抵抗裂化和分解能力的指标。

Thickener  The solid particles which are unformly dispersed to form the structure of a lubricating grease in which the liquid lubricant is held.

增稠剂  指加入到润滑油中以形成润滑脂的固体颗粒物。这种固体颗粒物在润滑油中以未成形状态分散，形成润滑脂的结构，从而将液体润滑油容纳进这种结构中。

Timken OK Lead  Maximum load a lubricant will withstand without failure due to breakdown of the lubricant film．as determined on the Timken EP Lubricant Tester.

Timken OK负荷  在Timken EP测试仪上测定的，润滑油所能承受的、不会因油膜破裂而失效的最大负荷。

Typical Test  Test results which are characteristics of a product，normally mean values obtained from analysis of a number of production batches of that product.

典型测试  表明一种产品特性的试验结果，通常是对该产品的多个生产批次进行化验分析所得到的平均值。

Viscosity  Measure of the resistance to flow，or internal friction，of a fluid．Viscosity changes with temperature so the temperature at which the measurement was made must always be specified.

运动粘度  表明一种流体抵抗流动或者说是内部摩擦的能力的度量值。运动粘度会随温度变化而变化，因此，在给出运动粘度的数值时，通常必须注明其测试温度。

Viscosity Index(V1)  An arbitary scale to show the relative magnitude of viscosity changes with temperature. Higher VI oils have less change in viscosity with temperature.

粘度指数(Ⅵ)  表明粘度随温度变化相对程度的经验量值。粘度指数越高的油品，其粘度随温度的变化量就越小。

Worked Penetration   the penetration of a sample of lubricating grease immediately after it has been brought to 25℃ and Worked 60 strokes in the ASTM grease Worker．

工作锥入度  在ASTM润滑脂工作机上，润滑脂样品在温度达到25℃并工作60冲次后立即测得的锥入度，即为工作锥入度。